Acid-base physiology, glomerular disease, COPD/asthma, and the renal and pulmonary topics tested together. This category has 135 original questions in the full StepExamPrep bank — here are 3 samples with complete explanations.
A patient on mechanical ventilation for ARDS is managed with a lung-protective strategy using low tidal volumes. Which of the following best explains the rationale for this approach?
In ARDS, much of the lung is already damaged/non-aerated; using low tidal volumes helps avoid overdistension (volutrauma) of the remaining functional alveoli, reducing ventilator-induced lung injury and improving outcomes — a well-established evidence-based strategy.
A sexually active 24-year-old woman presents with dysuria, urinary frequency, and suprapubic pain without fever or flank pain. Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?
E. coli is by far the most common cause of uncomplicated cystitis in young sexually active women.
A pleural fluid sample has a pleural fluid-to-serum protein ratio of 0.6. According to Light's criteria, how should this fluid be classified?
Light's criteria classify a pleural effusion as an exudate if the pleural-to-serum protein ratio exceeds 0.5 (among other criteria); a ratio of 0.6 meets this threshold, classifying it as an exudate.
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